Microorganisms and all other living organisms are classified as prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes are distinguished on the basis of their cellular characteristics. For example, prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and other memorane‐bound structures known as organelles, while eukaryotic cells have both a nucleus and organelles (Figure ).
The important cellular features of (a) a prokaryotic cell (a bacterium) and (b) a eukaryotic cell.
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Gene therapy….. Gene therapy is a medical treatment that uses genes to prevent or treat diseases. It involves replacing a faulty gene or adding a new gene to cure a condition or help the body fight disease. There are several types of gene therapy, including: 1. Germline gene therapy: This type of therapy targets the reproductive cells (egg or sperm) and can be passed on to future generations. 2. Somatic gene therapy: This type targets non-reproductive cells and is not passed on to future generations. Gene therapy can be used to treat a wide range of diseases, including: 1. Genetic disorders: Such as sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, and muscular dystrophy. 2. Cancer: Gene therapy can be used to kill cancer cells or slow their growth. 3. Viral infections: Gene therapy can be used to prevent or treat viral infections such as HIV. The process of gene therapy typically involves the following steps: 1. Identifying the faulty gene: Scientists identify the gene that is causing the disease....
The important cellular features of (a) a prokaryotic cell (a bacterium) and (b) a eukaryotic cell. 
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